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wiki/运维/操作系统/Linux/笔记/3.硬件管理.md
zhengchiliu 0a21a84531 从gitlab迁移
2025-01-02 10:46:09 +08:00

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### 查看硬件信息
##### 查看CPU
###### lscpu命令
```shell
[root@tencentos ~]# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64 #CPU架构及位数
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit #CPU可以运行的操作系统位数
Byte Order: Little Endian #数据存储方式
CPU(s): 2 #系统有两个核心
On-line CPU(s) list: 0,1 #可用的CPU列表
Thread(s) per core: 1 #每个核心有1个线程
Core(s) per socket: 2 #每个插槽（物理CPU）有2个核心
Socket(s): 1 #有1个物理CPU
NUMA node(s): 1 #有1个NUMA节点
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel #CPU的制造商是Intel
BIOS Vendor ID: Smdbmds
CPU family: 6 #CPU的家族编号是6
Model: 85 #CPU的型号编号是85
Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8255C CPU @ 2.50GHz #CPU的型号名称是Intel Xeon Platinum 8255C，主频为2.50GHz。
BIOS Model name: 3.0
Stepping: 5 #CPU的步进值是5，这是CPU版本的一种标识
CPU MHz: 2494.140 #CPU的实际运行速度是2494.140 MHz
BogoMIPS: 4988.28 #BogoMIPS是一种测量CPU速度的方法，但并不总是准确的
Hypervisor vendor: KVM #虚拟化软件的供应商是KVM
Virtualization type: full #支持全虚拟化
L1d cache: 32K #CPU的不同级别的缓存大小
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 4096K
L3 cache: 36608K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0,1 #NUMA节点0包含CPU 0和1。
Flags（这是CPU支持的各种特性和指令集）: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl cpuid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single pti fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 arat avx512_vnni
```
###### /proc/cpuinfo
```shell
[root@tencentos ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0 #处理器编号，这里有两个处理器，编号分别为0和1
vendor_id : GenuineIntel #CPU制造商，这里是GenuineIntel，表示是英特尔的CPU
cpu family : 6 #CPU家族，这里是6，表示属于第6代CPU
model : 85 #CPU型号，这里是85
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8255C CPU @ 2.50GHz
stepping : 5
microcode : 0x1
cpu MHz : 2494.140
cache size : 36608 KB #CPU缓存大小，这里是36608 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 2
core id : 0
cpu cores : 2
apicid : 0
initial apicid : 0
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl cpuid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single pti fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 arat avx512_vnni
bugs（CPU的已知问题和漏洞） : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs taa itlb_multihit
bogomips : 4988.28
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
processor : 1
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 85
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8255C CPU @ 2.50GHz
stepping : 5
microcode : 0x1
cpu MHz : 2494.140
cache size : 36608 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 2
core id : 1
cpu cores : 2
apicid : 1
initial apicid : 1
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl cpuid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single pti fsgsbase bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm mpx avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 arat avx512_vnni
bugs : cpu_meltdown spectre_v1 spectre_v2 spec_store_bypass l1tf mds swapgs taa itlb_multihit
bogomips : 4988.28
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
[root@tencentos ~]#
```
##### 查看内存
###### free命令
```shell
[root@tencentos ~]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1.7Gi 323Mi 341Mi 35Mi 1.0Gi 1.2Gi
Swap: 0B 0B 0B
```
###### /proc/meminfo
```shell
[root@tencentos ~]# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 1762908 kB
MemFree: 353604 kB
MemAvailable: 1229960 kB
Buffers: 100912 kB
Cached: 902816 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 810564 kB
Inactive: 425712 kB
Active(anon): 235464 kB
Inactive(anon): 32936 kB
Active(file): 575100 kB
Inactive(file): 392776 kB
Unevictable: 0 kB
Mlocked: 0 kB
SwapTotal: 0 kB
SwapFree: 0 kB
Dirty: 188 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 212480 kB
Mapped: 121384 kB
Shmem: 35860 kB
KReclaimable: 78132 kB
Slab: 130264 kB
SReclaimable: 78132 kB
SUnreclaim: 52132 kB
KernelStack: 2784 kB
PageTables: 6572 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 881452 kB
Committed_AS: 1222084 kB
VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed: 8032 kB
VmallocChunk: 0 kB
Percpu: 2320 kB
HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB
AnonHugePages: 118784 kB
ShmemHugePages: 0 kB
ShmemPmdMapped: 0 kB
FileHugePages: 0 kB
FilePmdMapped: 0 kB
HugePages_Total: 0
HugePages_Free: 0
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
Hugetlb: 0 kB
DirectMap4k: 122744 kB
DirectMap2M: 1974272 kB
DirectMap1G: 0 kB
```
##### 查看硬盘
###### lsblk命令
```shell
[root@tencentos ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda 253:0 0 50G 0 disk
└─vda1 253:1 0 50G 0 part /
```
###### /proc/partitions
```shell
[root@tencentos ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
253 0 52428800 vda
253 1 52427759 vda1
```
###### blkid命令
```shell
[root@tencentos ~]# blkid
/dev/vda1: UUID="ded6c45d-0699-43e5-bc44-f31c21449dcc" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="5f3d9d70-01"
```
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